{"id":14955,"date":"2011-10-17T13:09:05","date_gmt":"2011-10-17T17:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=14955"},"modified":"2011-10-17T15:11:40","modified_gmt":"2011-10-17T19:11:40","slug":"standing-room-only","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/10\/17\/standing-room-only\/","title":{"rendered":"standing room only? down under&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">EPPIC disagreement over early intervention: poll<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                         <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Psychiatric Update [Australia]<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                         by Michael Slezak<br \/>                       October 6, 2011 <\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup>Almost 60% of psychiatrists think the Federal Government&rsquo;s focus on EPPIC is inappropriate, a poll conducted by Psychiatry Update reveals. Psychiatrists also mostly oppose the similar focus on headspace, but in slightly smaller numbers, with 53.7% either disagreeing or strongly disagreeing that the focus is appropriate. A significant proportion of psychiatrists were unsure about the two approaches, leaving only 30% agreeing the focus on headspace or EPPIC was appropriate&hellip;<\/sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"396\" border=\"0\" height=\"223\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/pu-1.gif\" \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Intervening early: solid services or false promises?<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                  <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Psychiatric Update [Australia]<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                         by Michael Slezak<br \/>                       October 6, 2011<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup>The evidence for early intervention in psychosis has split psychiatrists, but there&rsquo;s no doubt in Professor Patrick McGorry&rsquo;s mind that the approach works. The EPPIC centres he has pioneered are based on what is &ldquo;demonstrably the most evidenced based model in the spectrum of mental health care&rdquo;, he says. Speaking with Psychiatry Update, he compares the approach of EPPIC and headspace to that used in oncology where intervening aggressively early in cancer can dramatically improve the final outcomes of the disease. <\/sup><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><font color=\"#770000\"><sup>As evidence, he cites two studies from Denmark and Britain showing that early, assertive and intensive treatment improves psychotic and negative symptoms while the treatment is ongoing, compared with patients merely being offered contact with a community mental health centre. But crucially, these studies also show there isn&rsquo;t, at this stage, much reason to believe the intervention changes the course of the illness&#8230;<\/sup><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup>But others, including Professor David Castle, chair of psychiatry at St Vincent&rsquo;s Health in Melbourne, say studies such as this show the money being poured into early psychosis has been committed on a false premise: that it will change the course of young people&rsquo;s illnesses. Asked about this line of argument, McGorry says it seems bizarre to argue against providing psychological services to young people who want them, adding the onus of proof should be on those who want to limit the approach. <\/sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>But Castle says specialised youth intervention services are problematic for several reasons. &ldquo;What&rsquo;s very clear is that good treatments work while they&rsquo;re being given,&rdquo; he tells Psychiatry Update. &ldquo;But boutique stand-alone services are very bad. They&rsquo;re bad for patients because they have to transition between different forms of care. They&rsquo;re bad for staff because people get into siloed services like EPPIC and they lose their skills with dealing with people further down the trajectory.&rdquo; Echoing the concerns of many psychiatrists who commented in our survey, Castle says: &ldquo;Everybody deserves the best care at whatever age they are, at whatever age of onset they are and at however far along the trajectory of illness they are&rdquo;&#8230;<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\"><em>Fact is &#8211; both sides of that argument sound a bit off.<\/em> In this and other discussions, Dr. McGorry keeps bringing up the studies in Denmark and Britain [summarized below]. I liked them myself:<\/div>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><u><strong><font color=\"#660033\">Denmark<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><u><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16504481\" target=\"_blank\"><font color=\"#200020\">Transition rates from schizotypal disorder to psychotic disorder for first-contact patients included in the OPUS trial.<\/font><\/a><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Schizophrenia Research<\/font><\/strong>. 2006 83(1):29-40.<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSION<\/font><\/strong><\/u>: Integrated treatment postponed or inhibited onset of psychosis in significantly more cases than standard treatment.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"center\"><u><strong><font color=\"#660033\">England<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><u><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12271805\" target=\"_blank\"><font color=\"#200020\">Randomised   controlled trial of early detection and cognitive therapy for   preventing transition to psychosis in high-risk individuals. Study   design and interim analysis of transition rate and psychological risk   factors.<\/font><\/a><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">British Journal of Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong> Supplement 2002 43:s78-84.<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSIONS<\/font><\/strong><\/u>:  The  findings validate the methods of identifying individuals at high  risk  of experiencing a psychotic episode. Compared with non-patient  controls,  the cases showed dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and  self-schemas. <\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15458988\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: randomised controlled trial.<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">British Journal of Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong> . 2004 185:291-7. [<a href=\"http:\/\/bjp.rcpsych.org\/content\/185\/4\/291.long\" target=\"_blank\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">full text online<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a>]<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSIONS<\/font><\/strong><\/u>: Cognitive therapy appears to be an acceptable and efficacious intervention for people at high risk of developing psychosis.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16973786\" target=\"_blank\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Three-year   follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for  the  prevention of psychosis in people at ultrahigh risk<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a>.<\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Schizophrenia Bulletin<\/font><\/strong>. 2007 33(3):682-7. [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2526150\/?tool=pubmed\" target=\"_blank\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">full text online<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a>]<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>&#8230;There appear to be  enduring benefits  of CT over the long term, suggesting that it is an  efficacious  intervention for people at high risk of developing  psychosis.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18055943\" target=\"_blank\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Effects  of cognitive therapy on the longitudinal development of psychotic  experiences in people at high risk of developing psychosis.<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">British Journal of Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong> Supplement&nbsp; 2007 51:s82-7.<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSIONS<\/font><\/strong><\/u>:  Psychotic  experiences and emotional dysfunction appear to interact in  people at  risk of developing psychosis. There appears to be a specific  benefit of  cognitive therapy.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">But Dr. McGorry lives in Australia and that&#8217;s where his EPPIC Program is slated to be launched. His own track record in Australia doesn&#8217;t match the results in Europe:<\/div>\n<p>   <\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><u><strong><font color=\"#660033\">Australia: Study 1<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12365879\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Randomized   controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of   progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with   subthreshold symptoms<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a>.<\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Arch Gen Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong>. 2002 59(10):921-8. [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archpsyc.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/59\/10\/921\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">full text on-line<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a>]<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSIONS<\/font><\/strong><\/u>:  More  specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy reduces the risk of  early  transition to psychosis in young people at ultra-high risk,  although  their relative contributions could not be determined. This  represents at  least delay in onset (prevalence reduction), and possibly  some  reduction in incidence.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"center\"><u><strong><font color=\"#660033\">Australia: Study 2<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19670055\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Randomized  controlled trial of interventions for young people at ultra-high risk  of psychosis: study design and baseline characteristics.<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a><sup \/><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Aust N Z J Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong>. 2009 43(9):818-29.<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">RESULTS AND CONCLUSION<\/font><\/strong><\/u>:  The present study improves on the previous studies because treatment  was provided for 12 months and the independent contributions of  psychological and pharmacological treatments in preventing transition to  psychosis in the UHR cohort and on levels of psychopathology and  functioning can be directly compared. Issues associated with recruitment  and randomization are discussed.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21034687#\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Randomized controlled trial of interventions for young people at ultra high risk for psychosis: 6-month analysis.<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a><\/div>\n<div><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Journal of Clinical Psychiatry<\/font><\/strong>. 2011 72(4):430-40.<\/div>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>At 6 months, 8 of  the  115 participants (7.0%) and 4 of the monitoring group (5.1%) had   developed psychotic disorder. There were no significant differences   between the 3 randomized groups (log rank test, P = .92) or between all 4   groups (log rank test, P = .93). There was also no difference between   the 4 groups in secondary measures, with all groups showing a reduction   in symptoms and increased functioning.<\/sup><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>  <u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">CONCLUSIONS<\/font><\/strong><\/u>:  Rates  of transition to psychosis were lower than expected,  particularly in  the control supportive therapy + placebo group. This  may have accounted  for the negative finding, as the sample was  therefore underpowered to  find any difference between groups.  Alternatively, it may be that all  treatments were equally effective or  equally ineffective at 6 months.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.melbourne.vic.gov.au\/AboutMelbourne\/MelbourneAwards\/Pages\/2009Winners.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"1\" align=\"right\" hspace=\"4\" height=\"100\" src=\"http:\/\/www.melbourne.vic.gov.au\/AboutMelbourne\/MelbourneAwards\/PublishingImages\/2009winners_mcgorry.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Patrick McGorry\" title=\"Dr. Patrick McGorry\" \/><\/a>In his first study [2002], his combined psychotherapy\/pharmacotherapy approach was successful in reducing the transition to psychosis, but the treatment effect disappeared by six months after treatment. So he designed a more elaborate study that separated psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy using more subjects. That study ran from 2000 to 2007 and the results were finally published in 2011. Not only were there no differences among the treatment groups, the transition to psychosis rate was quite low in all groups. <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Why was this study not published earlier? Why was even the prequel published two years after the study was completed?<\/font><\/strong> The results didn&#8217;t come out until after the <strong><font color=\"#200020\">EPPIC<\/font><\/strong> program was approved and in Australia&#8217;s 2011 <u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">budget<\/font><\/strong><\/u>. Neither this timing issue nor the failure of his second study are mentioned prominently in the Australian press. However, the poll at the top of this post says 60% of the psychiatrists in Australia don&#8217;t support <strong><font color=\"#200020\">EPPIC<\/font><\/strong> and over half of them think it will result in over-medication. Apparently, this issue has gained some real traction in Australia:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eppic.org.au\/epnews\/public-debate-early-intervention-psychosis-not-justified\"><u><strong><font color=\"#200020\">A public debate : Early intervention in psychosis is not justified<\/font><\/strong><\/u><\/a><\/div>\n<p>     <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/profiles\/alison-yung-2445\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"1\" align=\"left\" hspace=\"4\" height=\"100\" title=\"Dr. Alison Yung\" alt=\"Dr. Alison Yung\" src=\"http:\/\/www.schizophreniaresearchsociety.org\/images\/Yung.jpg\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au\/our_work\/leaders\/participants\/2009_participants\/2009_melbourne_participants\/david_castle\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"1\" align=\"right\" hspace=\"4\" height=\"100\" title=\"Dr. David Castle\" alt=\"Dr. David Castle\" src=\"http:\/\/www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/image\/0016\/405043\/david_castle.jpg\" \/><\/a>For those who are able to attend, a debate entitled &quot;Early  intervention in psychosis is not justified&quot; has been organised between  Professor Alison Yung [against the motion] and Professor David Castle [for the motion] on Thursday 3rd November at 12.30 to 1.30pm. The debate  will be refereed by Professor Jan Scott. At this point the venue will be the Conference Room at Orygen Youth  Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville. RSVPs are required by Friday October  21st to Jo Fitzsimons at:<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"> <strong><font color=\"#200020\"><a href=\"mailto:joannakf@unimelb.edu.au\" target=\"_self\">joannakf@unimelb.edu.au<\/a><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">If there is a large number of RSVPs, then the venue may change so watch out for updates!<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">I&#8217;m predicting <strong><font color=\"#200020\">standing room only<\/font><\/strong>&#8230;     <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EPPIC disagreement over early intervention: poll Psychiatric Update [Australia] by Michael Slezak October 6, 2011 Almost 60% of psychiatrists think the Federal Government&rsquo;s focus on EPPIC is inappropriate, a poll conducted by Psychiatry Update reveals. Psychiatrists also mostly oppose the similar focus on headspace, but in slightly smaller numbers, with 53.7% either disagreeing or strongly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14955"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14991,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions\/14991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}