{"id":30428,"date":"2012-11-26T08:24:10","date_gmt":"2012-11-26T13:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=30428"},"modified":"2012-11-26T11:02:29","modified_gmt":"2012-11-26T16:02:29","slug":"in-their-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/11\/26\/in-their-court\/","title":{"rendered":"in their court&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias\/2012\/11\/24\/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">As drug industry&rsquo;s influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias<\/a><br \/>                                <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Washington Post<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                                By Peter Whoriskey<br \/>                                November 24, 2012<\/div>\n<p>                               <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">The article is long and well done. It tells the story of Avandia and of Cleveland Clinic cardiologist Steven Nissen&#8217;s persistence in bringing its toxicity to light. Then there are the usual suspects, Vioxx and Celebrex, the comments of the NEJM editors about the growing problems, examples of the drug company trials designed to fail to show adverse effects, and ample documentation of the rise of the power of the pharmaceutical companies in general and their co-opted KOLs. The article ends with:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Blocking bias<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>In the wake of controversies arising around Vioxx, Avandia and Celebrex, many in the medical world have sought ways to ensure that drug research is free of commercial bias. One of the leading proposals would be to compel drug companies to release all of the data from trials of drugs that are on the market.<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>Over the summer, the European Medicines Agency &mdash; the continent&rsquo;s counterpart to the FDA &mdash; said it will move toward requiring the release of all such data. Glaxo, too, has said it is preparing for such a release, though other companies have yet to follow suit. &ldquo;Since 2004, we have posted <font color=\"#800000\">summaries<\/font> of all our clinical trial results on our Web site for the world to see,&rdquo; Glaxo said in a statement. &ldquo;All of these actions speak to the degree of commitment we have to be open with our research so there can be more understanding, and hopefully credibility, in what we are doing.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>Such transparency about industry-sponsored trials would not eliminate the ability of companies to avoid unflattering studies, or to hire like-minded researchers, or to design research that gives only positive views of their products. But if such measures are carried out across the industry &mdash; and there is no sign at this point that they will be &mdash; independent researchers could analyze the data from trials and come to their own conclusions.<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>Many believe drug companies should feel obliged to share such information. &ldquo;If you have the privilege of selling a drug, in return should come the responsibility to share everything you know about the drug,&rdquo; said Harlan Krumholz, a professor of medicine at Yale and a leading advocate of data access. &ldquo;This is not about doing gotcha with industry. It&rsquo;s about how to restore trust.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">I read this article in the spaces during holiday weekend doings and musing on my last post about Paxil 352, but there was something about it that nagged. Last night, it dawned on me that it wasn&#8217;t the content of the article itself. It was the use of the word <strong><font color=\"#200020\">bias<\/font><\/strong>. It wasn&#8217;t a big enough word:  <\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">bi&middot;as<\/font><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; [<font color=\"#200020\"><span class=\"pron\">b<img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" align=\"absbottom\" src=\"http:\/\/img.tfd.com\/hm\/GIF\/imacr.gif\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" align=\"absbottom\" src=\"http:\/\/img.tfd.com\/hm\/GIF\/prime.gif\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" align=\"absbottom\" src=\"http:\/\/img.tfd.com\/hm\/GIF\/schwa.gif\" \/>s<\/span><\/font>]<br \/>                          <sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><font color=\"#200020\">-noun<\/font><\/strong><\/sup><br \/>                          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mental tendency or inclination, especially an irrational preference or prejudice<br \/>           <sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Origin:<\/font><\/strong> 1520&ndash;30; Middle French <em>biais<\/em>  oblique<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">In the author&#8217;s usage, bias means anything that <em>leans<\/em> a study in one direction or another. I&#8217;m not quibbling about that. It just was jarring to me because I&#8217;m used to using that word to describe something more normal. To my way of thinking, biases are a normal part of life, something we all have. They are part of what defines us as individuals. When I write a post, I can almost predict how various commenters might respond. For that matter, given a topic, you can likely predict what I&#8217;ll write. We&#8217;re creatures of our biases &#8211; based on our previous experience, our culture, our gender, etc. Biases can be detrimental to science, sure enough, and a lot of our scientific conventions and statistical tests are designed to help us protect scientific thinking from bias. But I wish that the problems addressed in this article were something as soft as the ubiquitous personal biases of human mental life, but even the examples given in this article don&#8217;t seem like this kind of bias:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>From nearly the beginning, Glaxo scientists confronted signs of  potential heart dangers in Avandia. In 2000, about a year after the  drug&rsquo;s approval, a small internal study suggested that Avandia might  raise &ldquo;bad&rdquo; cholesterol levels more than a competitor.<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>The company  considered sponsoring a full-blown trial to weigh the issue, but before  it did, scientists conducted a &ldquo;risk\/benefit&rdquo; analysis &mdash; not to  calculate the risks and benefits of the drug to patients but to see  whether a full-blown trial could harm the drug&rsquo;s reputation.<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>When that analysis  showed a sign of danger &mdash; Avandia raised bad cholesterol levels more  than the competitor &mdash; the company decided to drop the subject. &ldquo;The study results support a &lsquo;no-go&rsquo; decision,&rdquo; the internal report concluded, meaning that a full trial would not be conducted.<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>The researchers even warned one another against sharing the results of the preliminary study. &ldquo;Per  Sr. Mgmt request, these data should not see the light of day to anyone  outside of GSK,&rdquo; said an internal e-mail that was widely reported after  it turned up in the Senate investigation&#8230;<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>In approving Avandia, the FDA had asked the company to conduct a  trial, known by its acronym ADOPT, to look into the drug&rsquo;s safety,  including &ldquo;cardiovascular events.&rdquo; As is common practice, the  company arranged for a group of experts &mdash; mostly academics &mdash; to form a  steering committee to guide and publish the experiment. Four of the 11  committee members were Glaxo employees. The other seven reported serving  as paid consultants or had other financial connections to the company.<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>The  trial would involve more than 4,000 diabetic patients. About one-third  would be given Avandia, the rest one of two older, commonly used drugs. But  as the FDA later noted, the ADOPT trial was not really designed to  assess heart risks. <\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>For one thing, it excluded people most at risk of  heart trouble, making it harder to spot a problem. Moreover,  investigators did not have a group of doctors validate reports of heart  attacks, as is customary because they can be difficult to detect.  Finally, about 40 percent of patients dropped out of the trial&#8230;<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">I was thinking about a courtroom jury chosen in the Voir Dire <span class=\"st\">[Old French, To speak the truth]<\/span> process designed to insure that they are uninvolved, free of bias or preexisting strong opinions, and sworn to uphold the law. These examples aren&#8217;t even close to that. They don&#8217;t just <em>lean<\/em> towards something, they <em>point<\/em> the outcome in a specific direction. You would never pick a jury this way, &quot;<em>&#8230; the  company arranged for a group of experts &mdash; mostly academics &mdash; to  form a  steering committee to guide and publish the experiment. Four of  the 11  committee members were Glaxo employees. The other seven reported  serving  as paid consultants or had other financial connections to the  company.<\/em>&quot; What&#8217;s described in this article is analogous to <em>jury tampering<\/em> and the drug companies are like the <em>mobsters<\/em> in Grade B movies &#8211; the inspiration for the <strong><font color=\"#200020\">R.I.C.O. Act<\/font><\/strong> [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act\">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations<\/a>].<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">Having worked up a froth pondering the word bias, I reread Whoriskey&#8217;s article. When I read GSK saying, &ldquo;<em>Since 2004, we have posted summaries of  all our clinical trial results on our Web site for the world to see. All of these actions speak to the degree of  commitment we have to be open with our research so there can be more  understanding, and hopefully credibility, in what we are doing.<\/em>&rdquo;, I thought of my weekend poring through one of those very GSK 2004 summaries [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/11\/25\/paxil-study-352-revisited\/\">paxil study 352 revisited&hellip;<\/a>]. This weekend, I didn&#8217;t think of <em>commitment<\/em>, I thought of <span class=\"st\">Hermione in the Harry Potter series waving her wand saying &quot;<em>Obscuratum!<\/em>&quot; I was way underwhelmed with &quot;<\/span><span class=\"st\"><em>open with our research.<\/em>&quot;<br \/>     <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span class=\"st\"> And when I read &quot;<em>&#8230; <\/em><\/span><em>the  company arranged for a group of experts &mdash; mostly academics &mdash; to  form a  steering committee to guide and publish the experiment. Four of  the 11  committee members were Glaxo employees. The other seven reported  serving  as paid consultants or had other financial connections to the  company<\/em>&quot;, I thought of their recent announcement [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/11\/need-to-hear-more\/\">need to hear more&hellip;<\/a>] that they would make raw data available contingent on approval by a panel &#8211; &quot;<em>The company intends to name an independent panel of experts to review  requests submitted by researchers.<\/em>&quot; Their track record with named panels isn&#8217;t reassuring to me.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">And when I read &quot;<em>&#8216;If you have the privilege of selling a drug, in return  should come the responsibility to share everything you know about the  drug,&#8217; said Harlan Krumholz, a professor of medicine at Yale and a  leading advocate of data access. &#8216;This is not about doing gotcha with  industry. It&rsquo;s about how to restore trust.&#8217;<\/em>&quot;, I recalled my earlier reaction to Dr. Krumholtz [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/09\/20\/accountability-2\/\">accountability&hellip;<\/a>] in which I was less inclined than he to <strong><font color=\"#200020\">turn the other cheek<\/font><\/strong>, even though we agree on the question of data transparency. I&#8217;m more in the <strong><font color=\"#200020\">walk softly and carry a big stick <\/font><\/strong>camp, on the way to <strong><font color=\"#200020\">an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth<\/font><\/strong>. I agree that industry wants to restore trust, but I&#8217;m not yet convinced that they want to restore trust by being trustworthy. The ball remains in their court, and rhetoric won&#8217;t fix it anymore. So far, the only effective tool has been a healthy dose of <strong><font color=\"#200020\">gotcha<\/font><\/strong>. A good start for GSK? How about initiating a request that <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Study 329<\/font><\/strong> and <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Study 352<\/font><\/strong> be retracted from our peer-reviewed literature as a marker of good faith?&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As drug industry&rsquo;s influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias Washington Post By Peter Whoriskey November 24, 2012 The article is long and well done. It tells the story of Avandia and of Cleveland Clinic cardiologist Steven Nissen&#8217;s persistence in bringing its toxicity to light. Then there are the usual suspects, Vioxx [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30428"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30471,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30428\/revisions\/30471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}