{"id":42029,"date":"2013-12-03T12:12:55","date_gmt":"2013-12-03T17:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=42029"},"modified":"2013-12-04T07:21:13","modified_gmt":"2013-12-04T12:21:13","slug":"outright-skullduggery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/03\/outright-skullduggery\/","title":{"rendered":"outright skullduggery&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"justify\">Dr. Allen Frances&#8217; service in vetting the DSM-5 while it was under construction is well known to all of us. And if you&#8217;ve had any dealings with him, you know that while he&#8217;s persistent, he&#8217;s also a very kind man. He fought hard to keep the DSM-5 from running completely off the tracks, but didn&#8217;t succeed in getting the Task Force to step back from their course and to rethink the whole process. Since its release in May, he&#8217;s continued to warn of its pitfalls as he does in this post. But in this instance, he may be being a bit too kind. The story he tells here is in the domain of outright skullduggery. First, his post:         <\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/allen-frances\/psychosis-risk-syndrome-i_b_4343661.html\">Psychosis Risk Syndrome Is Back To Haunt Us<\/a><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><strong><font color=\"#009999\">Huffington Post<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"middle\">by Allen Frances<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"small\">11\/26\/2013<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">It was at a cocktail party four years ago that I first heard  about the plan to include a &#8216;Psychosis Risk Syndrome&#8217; in DSM-5. The idea  was to diagnose and treat subthreshold psychotic symptoms early enough  to prevent the later development of full blown psychotic disorders. The motive for introducing &#8216;Psychosis Risk Syndrome&#8217; was noble, but I  knew immediately that the results could be disastrous- misdiagnosis,  stigma, and exposure to unnecessary and harmful antipsychotic meds. Most  youngsters meeting criteria for Psychosis Risk Syndrome&#8217; would never go  on to develop a psychotic disorder. Given this high false-positive rate, the very real risks to the many seemed far to outweigh any theoretical benefits to the few.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">Eventually most researchers &#8211; even those who had devoted their careers to researching Psychosis Risk Syndrome &#8212; came to agree  with me that APS was not ready for inclusion in DSM-5. And finally,  even DSM-5 saw the light and dropped the proposal to make Psychosis Risk  Syndrome an official category with a code of its own for reimbursement. Or so I thought until I received an email from Sarah Kamens, a  doctoral student in psychology at Fordham University, who has become an  expert on psychiatric diagnosis and one of the most careful readers and  thoughtful critics of DSM-5. She wrote:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;The mental health community breathed a big sigh of relief  when &#8216;Psychosis Risk&#8217; [AKA Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome&#8217;] was rejected  as an official category by DSM-5 and was instead exiled to a section of  the manual for research suggestions that are not ready for clinical  prime time.&quot;  <\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">&quot;&#8217;Psychosis Risk&#8217; had been DSM-5&#8217;s most feared and controversial  proposal because it doesn&#8217;t do a good job of actually predicting  psychosis and might well cause stigma and exacerbate the already  existing, wildly excessive use of antipsychotic medicine in teen-agers.&quot;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">&quot;The change was announced on the official DSM-5 website and was covered widely in major news media, including the <em>New York Times<\/em>.&quot;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">&quot;But there is an unnoticed and quite disturbing sequel. It turns out  that, despite APA assurances, &#8216;Psychosis Risk&#8217; has sneaked into DSM-5 in  an unexpected place. Under its alternate name &#8216;Attenuated Psychosis  Syndrome&#8217; [APS], it is now included in the section on Schizophrenia  Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders as one type of &#8216;Other Specified  Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder&quot;\/&quot;Other Psychotic Disorder&#8217;. And it can  be coded for reimbursement purposes as 298.8 [F28].&quot;<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">&quot;It&#8217;s not at all clear by what process APS found this circuitous and  disguised route into the main body of DSM-5 and why it was graced in  this way with an official code. But it is crystal clear that the mental  health world and, more importantly, the general public have been  misinformed.&quot;<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;As an &#8216;Other&#8217; disorder with its own numerical code, APS can now be  diagnosed and used to bill for insurance reimbursement. And those who  end up bearing the diagnostic label, many of them young adolescents and  adults who will never develop schizophrenia or any other psychotic  disorder, will be told that they have an &#8216;Other Specified Schizophrenia  Spectrum Disorder.&#8217;&quot;<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">Thanks, Sarah, for picking up this serious DSM-5 error overlooked in my previous <a href=\"http:\/\/m.huffpost.com\/us\/entry\/3419747\/\" target=\"_blank\">catalog<\/a> of eighteen DSM-5 mistakes.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">The only way to  avoid the perils of DSM-5 is to be fully aware of  them. It makes absolutely no sense to pin the misleading and  stigmatizing label &#8216;Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder&#8217; on  someone who, in typical settings, will have only about a 10% chance of  ever becoming psychotic. And certainly it makes no sense to follow this  misdiagnosis with an unproven and potentially very harmful antipsychotic  treatment. Preventing psychosis would be a great idea if we could really do it;  but there is no reason to think we can. And reaching beyond our grasp is  likely to harm those we hoped to help. Psychosis Risk is an important  research topic for future investigation, but should never be used now as  a clinical diagnosis because it will almost always be wrong. The road  to hell is paved with good intentions and bad unintended consequences.<\/p>\n<div>First, Do No Harm.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">This is part of a long story. In the beginning of the last century, Eugen Bleuler&#8217;s original writing about Schizophrenia contained the description of the personality of his patients before their psychotic break called the Schizoid Personality. While not always present in the history nor guaranteed to lead to psychosis, it has remained an intriguing piece of information [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/22\/1-from-n-equals-one\/\">1. <em>from n equals one<\/em>&hellip;<\/a>]. In recent history, international researchers attempted to identify patients in advance who were destined for a psychotic break using various criteria, and while they met with initial success, their success rate dribbled away with repeated studies. In addition, there has been a strong fear that making this an official diagnosis would lead to the widespread over-prescription of antipsychotic medications. But the DSM-5 Task Force held onto this new diagnosis until the 11th hour, even though it was not even included in the field trial results:<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/article.aspx?articleID=1387906\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/aps-3.gif\" \/><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">In December, the APA Trustees met and made a final approval of the DSM-5, saying in their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=5&#038;ved=0CFcQFjAE&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatry.org%2FFile%2520Library%2FAdvocacy%2520and%2520Newsroom%2FPress%2520Releases%2F2012%2520Releases%2F12-43-DSM-5-BOT-Vote-News-Release--FINAL--3-.pdf&#038;ei=UAmeUpLECtTqkQfQsIHQDg&#038;usg=AFQjCNGVsXhIN_HLZ1cA13SeTx-2jobOIg&#038;sig2=NU0G8m3dwfc9ck3WwhL96g&#038;bvm=bv.57155469,d.eW0&#038;cad=rja\">press release<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=5&#038;ved=0CFcQFjAE&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatry.org%2FFile%2520Library%2FAdvocacy%2520and%2520Newsroom%2FPress%2520Releases%2F2012%2520Releases%2F12-43-DSM-5-BOT-Vote-News-Release--FINAL--3-.pdf&#038;ei=UAmeUpLECtTqkQfQsIHQDg&#038;usg=AFQjCNGVsXhIN_HLZ1cA13SeTx-2jobOIg&#038;sig2=NU0G8m3dwfc9ck3WwhL96g&#038;bvm=bv.57155469,d.eW0&#038;cad=rja\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=5&#038;ved=0CFcQFjAE&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatry.org%2FFile%2520Library%2FAdvocacy%2520and%2520Newsroom%2FPress%2520Releases%2F2012%2520Releases%2F12-43-DSM-5-BOT-Vote-News-Release--FINAL--3-.pdf&#038;ei=UAmeUpLECtTqkQfQsIHQDg&#038;usg=AFQjCNGVsXhIN_HLZ1cA13SeTx-2jobOIg&#038;sig2=NU0G8m3dwfc9ck3WwhL96g&#038;bvm=bv.57155469,d.eW0&#038;cad=rja\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"260\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/aps-4.gif\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Now, Sarah Kamens, an astute graduate student points out that that&rsquo;s not at all what happened when the DSM-5 went to press. So what in the hell did happen? This is where Dr. Frances may be being way too forgiving, too kind. Somehow, against the directive of the DSM-5 Trustees, the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome made its way into the official manual as an official diagnosis under &lsquo;Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder&quot;\/&quot;Other Psychotic Disorder&rsquo; anyway. That&#8217;s a more exalted place than the one originally proposed &#8211; a separate diagnosis! Now it&#8217;s part of Schizophrenia proper &#8211; even with only a 10% [or less] conversion rate to psychosis. So in spite of the overwhelming negative reaction, the uniform advice of the people who were the experts in the field, the inconclusive Field Trials, and the express decisions of the APA Board of Trustees, the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome found a place in the official DSM-5 for its lifespan.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">That was no accident. No whoops. That&#8217;s foulplay, and this almost universally discredited diagnosis is now a Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Given their track record, the APA is unlikely to even investigate how this outright skullduggery happened, but it&rsquo;s an outrageous piece of work! And it&rsquo;s further evidence that the expert opinion system of the DSM-5 Task Force was corrupted beyond salvation.<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">UPDATES<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"30\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/aps-toc.gif\" alt=\"DSM-5: from the index\" title=\"DSM-5: from the index\" \/><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=1dsnAgAAQBAJ&#038;pg=PT158&#038;lpg=PT158\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" vspace=\"7\" height=\"514\" border=\"0\" title=\"page 122\" alt=\"page 122\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/298.8.gif\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\" http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=1dsnAgAAQBAJ&#038;lpg=PT783&#038;pg=PT807#v=onepage&#038;q&#038;f=false\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" vspace=\"7\" border=\"0\" title=\"page 783\" alt=\"page 783\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/aps-other.gif\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div align=\"center\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dsm5.org\/Pages\/RecentUpdates.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" vspace=\"7\" border=\"0\" title=\"DSM-5 website: as of 12\/03\/2013\" alt=\"DSM-5 website: as of 12\/03\/2013\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/aps-website.gif\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Allen Frances&#8217; service in vetting the DSM-5 while it was under construction is well known to all of us. And if you&#8217;ve had any dealings with him, you know that while he&#8217;s persistent, he&#8217;s also a very kind man. He fought hard to keep the DSM-5 from running completely off the tracks, but didn&#8217;t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42029"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42063,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029\/revisions\/42063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}