{"id":46081,"date":"2014-05-08T16:15:53","date_gmt":"2014-05-08T20:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=46081"},"modified":"2014-05-08T17:54:32","modified_gmt":"2014-05-08T21:54:32","slug":"back-in-the-fold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2014\/05\/08\/back-in-the-fold\/","title":{"rendered":"back in the fold &#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><object width=\"450\" height=\"253\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/7Y5ImT_6gIQ?hl=en_US&amp;version=3&amp;rel=0\"\/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"false\"\/><embed src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/7Y5ImT_6gIQ?hl=en_US&amp;version=3&amp;rel=0\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" allowfullscreen=\"false\"\/><\/object><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Following Emil Kraepelin&#8217;s description of Dementia Praecox as a progressive deteriorating disease, Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler reported on his experience with these patients at the  Burgh&ouml;lzli Sanatorium in his book,<span class=\"mw-headline\"> <em>Dementia Praecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias<\/em><\/span>, published in 1911. He described a variable not so pessimistic course of illness and posited a particular personality type, the Schizoid Personality, that antedated the outbreak of illness. While this premorbid personality is frequently apparent in retrospect, prediction going the other way [<em>who will develop psychosis?<\/em>] hasn&#8217;t been easily achieved. Back during the DSM-5 Task Force deliberations, there was much ado about  the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome [nee Psychosis Risk Syndrome] &#8211; new names for a century old concept.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">There were two questions on the table:<\/div>\n<ol> <span class=\"small\">        <\/p>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><font color=\"#200020\">Could the patients who were going to become psychotic be identified with any accuracy?<\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><font color=\"#200020\">If they could, what would we do about it?<\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<p>       <\/span> <\/ol>\n<div align=\"justify\">Patrick McGorry and his associates in Australia had been researching this for some time, and had convinced the Australian government to fund a massive intervention program. I summarized his research and the details at some length in the series of posts below:<\/div>\n<ul><span class=\"small\"> <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/22\/1-from-n-equals-one\/\">1. <em>from n equals one<\/em>&hellip; <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/22\/2-from-n-equals-one\/\">2. <em>from n equals one<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/23\/3-from-n-equals-one\/\">3. <em>from n equals one<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/23\/1-when-nmany\/\">1. <em>when n=many<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/25\/2-when-nmany\/\">2. <em>when n=many<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/23\/1-when-nmany\/\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/25\/3-when-nmany\/\">3. <em>when n=many<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/27\/1-when-na-few\/\">1. <em>when n=a few<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/28\/2-when-na-few\/\">2. <em>when n=a few<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/08\/29\/3-when-na-few-needs-na-few-more\/\">3. when <em>n=a few<\/em> needs <em>n=a few more<\/em>&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/04\/13\/22085\/\">it just didn&rsquo;t work&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2012\/04\/13\/an-old-n1-type\/\">an old n=1 type&hellip;      <\/a><\/div>\n<p> <\/span><\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">The gist of things is that their predictions are fair at first, but when they try to go large, they are less accurate [less to not at all]. About that time, it became apparent that PHARMA was pulling out of CNS drug development for real [summer of 2011]. And if that weren&#8217;t enough, the DSM-5 Task Force had to announce that their grand plan to produce a biologically based diagnostic system hadn&#8217;t worked out. The reaction was something like a primal scream and the people in charge scrambled to do something akin to damage control. So early detection of Schizophrenia was touted by the moguls as on the near horizon [<a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/09\/09\/class-action-in-the-air\/\">class action in the air&hellip;<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/09\/30\/psychiatry-inc\/\">psychiatry inc&hellip;<\/a>]. It was as if they felt obligated to have some future <em>shiny object<\/em> to replace those drugs that were going to come out of the pipeline just around the corner, and early detection and prevention of Schizophrenia was one of the oft-mentioned candidates.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">So Dr. Lieberman&#8217;s video above is just one of many videos and articles he&#8217;s produced over his presidential year on the topic. I can&#8217;t find that there&#8217;s any more solid evidence that they are closer to accurate predictions or promising interventions than they were in the summer of 2011 when they jumped on this bandwagon. Which brings me to this article in the <strong><font color=\"#100000\">Psychiatric<\/font><font color=\"#990000\">News<\/font><\/strong>:      <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"> \t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/psychnews.psychiatryonline.org\/newsarticle.aspx?articleid=1864154\" target=\"_blank\">Recalling Chestnut Lodge: Seeking the Human Behind the Psychosis<\/a><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><strong><font color=\"#100000\">Psychiatric<\/font><font color=\"#990000\">News<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"middle\">by Mark Moran<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"small\">April 18, 2014<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"middle\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/psychnews.psychiatryonline.org\/newsarticle.aspx?articleid=1864154\" target=\"_blank\">full text on-line<\/a>]<\/div>\n<p>              <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">The   psychoanalytic method and highly individualized treatment approach at   Chestnut Lodge pointed toward the contemporary focus on early detection   and intervention&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">One of Kraepelin&#8217;s methods of parsing the psychoses was to look at the form of the psychotic communications rather than their specific content. Visual Hallucinations &#8211; Delerium. Delusions and Auditory Hallucinations of persecution &#8211; Dementia Praecox. Delusions of Grandeur &#8211; Mania. etc. The irrational deadness of the mental productions in  Melancholia. These qualities became the hallmarks of his diagnostic  groups. So I was making diagnoses by form, and trying to stabilize the patients quickly to make room those that followed. But I spent my days listening to a content that was as unique as the ripples in a stream. And as a new resident, I found the content of these communications fascinating, and read and reread the writings of a specific group &#8211; the psychiatrists  at the Chestnut Lodge, where all patients had been treated with  psychotherapy no matter how disturbed long before the arrival of the neuroleptics. Harry Stack Sullivan, Frieda  Fromme Reichman, Otto Will, Harold Searles, etc. &#8211; they published case studies that were exactly what I wanted to read. I don&#8217;t know if it helped my patients that I was learning to speak <em>schizophren&middot;eze<\/em>  &#8211; but it sure helped me maintain my connection with their humanity in  those days, and the contribution to my overall learning how to listen was  invaluable. So I was delighted to read this article in the<strong><font color=\"#100000\"> Psychiatric<\/font><font color=\"#990000\">News<\/font><\/strong>, though it surprised me.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">During the 1980 revolution in psychiatry, Chestnut Lodge stood as a symbolic bastion of psychoanalytic treatment &#8211; on the other side from the wave of psychopharmacologic treatment. The patient, Dr. Osteroff, was admitted to Chestnut  Lodge in 1979 and treated for seven months with intensive  psychotherapy, diagnosed as having a personality disorder. His condition  worsened over that hospitalization, and he was transferred to another  facility where he rapidly responded to medication. The details are here:         <\/p>\n<ul><span class=\"small\">      <\/p>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2013\/07\/06\/respecting-our-limits\/\" target=\"_blank\">respecting our limits&hellip; <\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2013\/07\/06\/respecting-our-limits\/#comment-246652\" target=\"_blank\">comment: Dr. Carroll <\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2013\/07\/06\/a-loud-creaking-noise\/\" target=\"_blank\">a loud creaking noise&hellip;        <\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2013\/07\/06\/faded-from-the-rolls\/\" target=\"_blank\">faded from the rolls&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<p>      <\/span><\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">There  wasn&#8217;t much argument that the patient was misdiagnosed and the case  mishandled. But it became a cause c\u00e9l&egrave;bre dragging on through the 1980s as a referendum between the psychological and biological  treatments of mental illness, and was argued in the pages of The American  Journal of Psychiatry between neoKraepelinian Gerald Klerman and  psychoanalyst Alan Stone as the right to effective treatment. Chestnut Lodge fell into decline in this new era and burned as it sat idle awaiting being turned into condos. So while I was delighted to see the Lodge described in such positive terms, I wondered why it was suddenly revived as I knew it and particularly with the subtitle, <em>Seeking the Human Behind the Psychosis<\/em>. The answer is in the article:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">And yet  ironically, it was also the years of analytic work with patients  with  psychosis at the Lodge that had helped point McGlashan in the  direction  of early detection and intervention in the &ldquo;prodromal&rdquo; phases  of the  disorder &mdash; a movement that is now the leading edge of schizophrenia   research. For it was the rich case histories of countless patients at   the Lodge that provided the clearest evidence that in almost every case,   signs of trouble had been apparent sometimes years before an acute   psychotic episode. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s what really taught me that there is this   psychosis risk period, that it&rsquo;s very distinctive and that it&rsquo;s   lengthy,&rdquo; McGlashan said. &ldquo;I decided that that&rsquo;s where we have to   intervene.  And when I left the Lodge [in 1990] that became the focus of   all my work.&rdquo;<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">Another aumnus of the Lodge, Robert Heinssen, helped change the approach there in it&#8217;s latter days, and now directs  the Division of Services and Intervention Research at the National Institute of Mental Health: <\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\">Today, Heinssen is the National Institute of  Mental Health&rsquo;s science officer for the North American Prodrome  Longitudinal Study, a nine-site  consortium of clinical research  programs dedicated to the early detection and prevention of psychotic  disorders and other forms of serious mental illness. McGlashan has been a  leading investigator in the ongoing Early Treatment and Intervention in  Psychosis (TIPS) study in Scandinavia, and developed the Scale of  Prodromal Symptoms, which is used to assess at-risk individuals for  inclusion in early-intervention programs.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">The Bullard family sold the Chestnut Lodge  property in the 1990s, and the hospital closed in 2001. The property  changed hands several times before a developer purchased it with the  intention of converting the property into condominiums; but on the  morning of June 7, 2007, the main building burned to the ground under  mysterious circumstances. Its ruins &mdash; the old cottage where  Fromm-Reichman lived still stands &mdash; persist as a monument to an  extraordinary and heroic effort to understand the individual behind the  psychotic disorder, an individual with a history and a human story that  might have taken a different turn. <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">&ldquo;There were some phenomenal teachers and  therapists there,&rdquo; Heinssen said. &ldquo;To the uninitiated, people with  psychosis can appear alien, and it is no surprise that they get pushed  away. There is something extraordinarily unsettling about interacting  with someone who experiences a different reality. But at the Lodge there  were many heroic doctors and nurses who sought to find the human being  behind the disease. They taught me to look beyond psychotic symptoms and  to connect with the real person who has a soul and value and worth.&rdquo; <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"contentBody\">\n<div align=\"justify\">They helped teach me that too. While I&#8217;m glad to see the Lodge back in the fold and am glad the work on psychosis prodrome is underway and appears to be in good hands, there&#8217;s still something that bothers me. That video by Dr. Lieberman is a cheerleading session; it exaggerates the state of the art; and it reminds me of all those endless inflated claims from the age of PHARMA [hopefully passing]. Real scientists aren&#8217;t salesmen. They don&#8217;t say &quot;<em>research has shown&#8230;<\/em>&quot; unless it&#8217;s in the bank. But we have a layer of gentlemen scientists who talk the talk, but don&#8217;t walk the walk, and I include Dr. Lieberman in that group. So in spite of being pleased to see this article that speaks of people and a place that was so important to me when I started psychiatry and encountered psychosis, I can&#8217;t help but think that the article is in <strong><font color=\"#100000\">Psychiatric<\/font><font color=\"#990000\">News<\/font><\/strong> as part of some kind of APA <em>shiny object<\/em> campaign&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Following Emil Kraepelin&#8217;s description of Dementia Praecox as a progressive deteriorating disease, Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler reported on his experience with these patients at the Burgh&ouml;lzli Sanatorium in his book, Dementia Praecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias, published in 1911. He described a variable not so pessimistic course of illness and posited a particular personality [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46081"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46106,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46081\/revisions\/46106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}