{"id":4659,"date":"2011-02-05T11:33:26","date_gmt":"2011-02-05T16:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=4659"},"modified":"2011-02-05T20:42:23","modified_gmt":"2011-02-06T01:42:23","slug":"the-salad-days-of-2005","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/05\/the-salad-days-of-2005\/","title":{"rendered":"the <em>salad days<\/em> of 2005&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<table width=\"95%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tr>\n<td align=\"justify\"><em><font color=\"#666633\">There is an ancient Zen teaching: the master points up at the moon and asks the student: &quot;What is this?&quot;<br \/>                              The student replies &quot;that is the moon.&quot;<br \/>                              The master corrects him: &quot;No.  That is a finger pointing at the moon.&quot;<\/font><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>                                                        <\/p>\n<table width=\"95%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tr>\n<td><sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.medicine.mcgill.ca\/oslerweb\/InselQuirion2005.pdf\"><strong>Psychiatry as a Clinical Neuroscience Discipline<\/strong><\/a><br \/>                                    <strong><font color=\"#990000\">Journal of the American Medical Association<\/font><\/strong><br \/>                                    2005:294(17):2221-2224 <br \/>                                    by Thomas Insel and Remi Quirion<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\">&#8230;<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\"><u>Training in Clinical Neuroscience<\/u>:<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">The recognition that mental  disorders are brain disorders suggests that psychiatrists of the future  will need to be educated as brain scientists. Indeed, psychiatrists and  neurologists may be best considered <em>clinical neuroscientists<\/em>, applying the revolutionary insights from neuroscience to the care of those with brain disorders.  The study of unconscious processes, motivation, or defenses, while at  one time the sole province of psychoanalytic therapies, is now also in  the domain of cognitive neuroscience. Systems  neuroscience will be reformulating our notions of attention and emotion  in the next decade just as it reformulated our understanding of language  and perception in the last decade.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">Will a deep understanding of  the psyche remain a central focus of psychiatry? The need for a  sophisticated understanding of interpersonal relationships along with  the use of evidence-based, nonpharmacological treatments [from  psychoeducation to cognitive behavioral treatments] will be the tools of  the effective healer in the future as much as in the past. Just as the  need for rehabilitation following acute care for any serious injury or  medical illness has been recognized, ideally the psychiatrist will  increasingly be part of a team that provides culturally valid  psychosocial rehabilitation along with medications to help those with  mental disorders recover and return to a productive and satisfying life.  What will be different is having the ability to target these treatments  to specific aspects of the disease process.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Redefining the  foundation of psychiatry as clinical neuroscience also accelerates the  integration of psychiatry with the rest of medicine. The separation of  psychiatry from other medical specialties has contributed to the stigma  of those who treat mental disorders as well as those who have them. Even  beyond stigma, this separation has led to inadequate care. The recent  scientific recognition of the importance of effective treatments of  mental illnesses in cardiovascular disease and diabetes mandates the incorporation of psychiatry into truly integrated and effective treatment teams.<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">&#8230;<\/div>\n<p><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\">In my last post, I was not completely fair, in that Tom Insel&#8217;s article was written in the <em>salad days<\/em> of <strong><font color=\"#200020\">2005<\/font><\/strong>, before we all knew the extent to which the Pharmaceutical Industry had permeated the Psychiatric hierarchy with the resulting scandalous perversion of our scientific dialog. It was happening, but most of us weren&#8217;t so aware as we are now. In my defense, the version of the paper on the NIMH site&nbsp; cited by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/magazine\/2010\/12\/ff_dsmv\/all\/1\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Wired<\/strong><\/a> article was undated and I assumed it was a more recent production. The piece above references his original <strong><font color=\"#990000\">JAMA<\/font><\/strong> article from <strong><font color=\"#200020\">2005<\/font><\/strong> when it was first published. I only discussed the very end of his piece as a way of balking at his equation that <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Psychiatry equals Clinical Neuroscience<\/font><\/strong>. I know that&#8217;s what he and his cohorts want, but I&#8217;m not sure it&#8217;s a justifiable wish. I left out the penultimate section [<strong><font color=\"#200020\">Training in Clinical Neuroscience<\/font><\/strong>] last time because I wanted to think about it a bit before responding. I&#8217;m certainly not opposed to training in neuroscience, but he&#8217;s suggesting more than just that.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">We have a lot of terms like <em>salad days<\/em><\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">My salad days,<br \/>                  When I was green in judgment, cold in blood&#8230;<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shakespeare&#8217;s Antony and Cleopatra<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">to refer to times of youthful exuberance and recklessness &#8211; times when things are new and exciting [and presented in enthusiastic but glossed-over terms]. I guess 2005 was such a time for the subset of Biological Psychiatrists who were leading Psychiatry in the direction Insel outlines in this paper. Neuroscience was no longer fighting for a prominent place in Psychiatry, it was to become Psychiatry itself &#8211; a Brave New World [with a time-table for discovery].<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">It&#8217;s not 2005 anymore. Since then, a lot of Insel&#8217;s cohort has fallen off the wall [as documented on this blog and elsewhere]. They weren&#8217;t attacked from within Psychiatry so much. They met their fate out in the world &#8211; in the Courts, in the Press, in the Halls of Congress. And it wasn&#8217;t because of allowing their naive science to rest on their wished-for future results instead of results in the present, they were busted for corrupt ties to the Pharmaceutical Industry. Lots of Psychiatrists. Lots of connections. And that problem is hardly resolved.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">The Psychoanalysts in America went through similar <em>Halcyon Days<\/em> [a synonym for <em>salad days<\/em>] in the decades following World War II. Insel&#8217;s piece above is itself a renunciation of that earlier time when the Analysts reigned supreme in Academic and Organized Psychiatry.<\/div>\n<ul><sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;<em>The study of unconscious processes, motivation, or defenses, while at   one time the sole province of psychoanalytic therapies, is now also in   the domain of cognitive neuroscience.<\/em>&quot;<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;<em>The need for a  sophisticated understanding of interpersonal  relationships along with  the use of evidence-based, nonpharmacological  treatments [from  psychoeducation to cognitive behavioral treatments]  will be the tools of  the effective healer in the future as much as in  the past.<\/em>&quot;<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;<em>The separation of  psychiatry from other medical specialties has  contributed to the stigma  of those who treat mental disorders as well  as those who have them.<\/em>&quot;<\/div>\n<p><\/sup><\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">In fact, Insel&#8217;s brand of Clinical Neuroscience itself comes from former <em>Days of Wine and Roses<\/em> [yet another synonym] &#8211; the discovery of the antipsychotic drugs. Psychiatry has grappled with two <em>disease-like<\/em> conditions since they were defined by Emil Kraeplin in 1893 &#8211; Dementia Praecox [Schizophrenia] and Manic-Depressive Illness [Bipolar Disorder]. The introduction of condition-specific medications in the 1950&#8217;s revolutionized Psychiatry and emptied the Mental Hospitals. But all was not so rosy, and we now deal with the plight of the Chronically Mentally Ill, the long term side effects of these drugs, and the perception of Psychiatrists as controlling people with toxic medications [see this week&#8217;s comments on <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Cartlat&#8217;s Psychiatry blog: <\/font><\/strong><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/carlatpsychiatry.blogspot.com\/2011\/01\/anatomy-of-epidemic-carlat-take-part-2.html\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">Anatomy of an Epidemic: The Carlat Take, Part 2<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/u>]. And there are other striking examples in our history [see <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2010\/08\/31\/for-review-3\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">for review&#8230;<\/font><\/strong><\/a>].<\/div>\n<p>       <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">Insel doesn&#8217;t have to work at extruding Organized Psychoanalysis from Psychiatry. While there are plenty of Psychiatrists that are Psychoanalysts and probably will continue to be, Psychoanalysis proper has moved to the side. We train mental health disciplines of all ilks. A few Institutes are still part of Departments of Psychiatry [like Emory] or Universities, but that&#8217;s in a minority, and optional. That battle seems to be anachronistic at this point. But all of these ideological disputes and historical meanderings actually obscure a very real debate that this paper by Insel presents in only one dimension. It&#8217;s in the opening sentence of this section of his paper:     <\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"> <sup>The recognition that mental  disorders are brain disorders suggests that  psychiatrists of the future  will need to be educated as brain  scientists. Indeed, psychiatrists and  neurologists may be best  considered <em>clinical neuroscientists<\/em>, applying the revolutionary insights from neuroscience to the care of those with brain disorders.<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">And in these comments:<\/div>\n<ul><sup><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;<em>The study of unconscious processes,  motivation, or defenses, while at   one time the sole province of  psychoanalytic therapies, is now also in   the domain of cognitive  neuroscience.<\/em>&quot;<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">&quot;<em>The need for a   sophisticated understanding of interpersonal  relationships along with   the use of evidence-based, nonpharmacological  treatments [from   psychoeducation to cognitive behavioral treatments]  will be the tools  of  the effective healer in the future as much as in  the past.<\/em>&quot;<\/div>\n<p><\/sup><\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">Can Psychiatry solve the mind\/brain dichotome by subsuming the concept of the <em><strong><font color=\"#200020\">mind<\/font><\/strong><\/em> into Insel&#8217;s <strong><font color=\"#200020\">evidence-based<\/font><\/strong>, <strong><font color=\"#200020\">nonpharmacological<\/font><\/strong>, <strong><font color=\"#200020\">psychoeducational and cognitive behavioral <\/font><\/strong>universe? Since you already know what I think, I&#8217;ll skip any formal arguments and go to the real reason I&#8217;m sure the answer is &quot;No.&quot;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><em><sup>Redefining the  foundation of psychiatry as clinical neuroscience also  accelerates the  integration of psychiatry with the rest of medicine.  The separation of  psychiatry from other medical specialties has  contributed to the stigma  of those who treat mental disorders as well  as those who have them. Even  beyond stigma, this separation has led to  inadequate care. The recent  scientific recognition of the importance of  effective treatments of  mental illnesses in cardiovascular disease and  diabetes mandates the incorporation of psychiatry into truly integrated  and effective treatment teams.<\/sup><\/em><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">I&#8217;m still an Internist in my soul &#8211; a doctor. Back when I was an Internist all the time, when I saw patients with Brain problems or Major Psychiatric Illnesses, I didn&#8217;t have a problem. Call the Neurologist. Send the Schizophrenic Patient to the Psychiatrist. I knew what to do. The patients I needed help with were the ones who had confusing physical symptoms, negative work-ups for physical diseases, yet were &quot;sick.&quot; There were a whole lot of them. Most of them had problems in their lives [or minds] they needed some help with, but I didn&#8217;t know how to help them. Sometimes, it helped to just reassure them that there was no physical cause, but usually that meant that they left with the same problem they came with.  I got better at it over time, but I was just an interested rookie.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">At the time, I was in an Air Force Regional Hospital, and I had five Psychiatrists to choose from. Two were career Air Force Psychiatrists who mostly were in the business of getting people out of the military who were too sick to be there. When they consulted, they left me a diagnosis and usually a recommendation for medications, neither of which helped me or my patient. Another was a funny guy trained in the Sixties in California. His hip, experiential ways didn&#8217;t fit the military dependents I was treating. They thought he was crazy [&quot;You know what that guy said to my wife? He said she had a flower in her that she wouldn&#8217;t let bloom. What&#8217;s wrong with that guy? She thought he was coming on to her!&quot;]. Then there was a fast-track Academic from the North-East who was headed for a career in ECT research.&nbsp; My patients thought he was arrogant and were mad at me for consulting him. Finally, there was a thoughtful Child Psychiatrist, not an Analyst, but someone who knew the mind [as well as all that other stuff]. He would come by after hours and talk to my patients in privacy. They appreciated his coming as did I. Some just went home, a few continued to see him. But he was the one we needed. So I just kept the patients around until he was on call for Psychiatry.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">That&#8217;s the way it has remained to this day. My medical colleagues in the clinics where I now work bring me lots of people.&nbsp; I close the door and do what I went back to training to learn how to do. They mostly aren&#8217;t neuroscience cases nor are they usually candidates for the evidence-based, nonpharmacological, psychoeducational and cognitive behavioral treatments. They&#8217;re just people who need to talk to someone who will listen and try to bring some understanding to bear on their situation about how life and the mind can cause a whole lot of hurt. And when I comb around to make referrals which I am often called on to do, I try to be sure to send people to practitioners who have a full range of skills rather than a devotion to just one way of thinking &#8211; people who know about the revolutionary insights from neuroscience <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" hspace=\"4\" border=\"1\" align=\"left\" src=\"http:\/\/www.awakeblogger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/11\/finger-moon-hotei.jpg\" \/><u>and<\/u> the formerly revolutionary insights about mental life.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">I don&#8217;t think the pathway suggested by Dr. Insel above will get Clinical Psychiatrists to the right place. More importantly, I don&#8217;t think the patients will think so either. If I were he, I&#8217;d hold onto the concept of the mind over and above its obvious location in the brain. Likewise, as much as I enjoy my relationships and collaborations with my non-physician mental heath colleagues, there are lots of times that their lack of experience with medicine can be a problem. I think Tom Insel has been to way too many medical meetings, is not careful about how he picks his friends, and has not seen enough patients to be much of an expert about training the Psychiatrist doctors our patients need.&nbsp; But mostly, I think he&#8217;s confused his finger with the Moon&#8230;  <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is an ancient Zen teaching: the master points up at the moon and asks the student: &quot;What is this?&quot; The student replies &quot;that is the moon.&quot; The master corrects him: &quot;No. That is a finger pointing at the moon.&quot; Psychiatry as a Clinical Neuroscience Discipline Journal of the American Medical Association 2005:294(17):2221-2224 by Thomas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4659\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}