{"id":57403,"date":"2015-06-01T18:40:54","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T22:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=57403"},"modified":"2015-06-02T15:04:40","modified_gmt":"2015-06-02T19:04:40","slug":"the-talk-that-matters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2015\/06\/01\/the-talk-that-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"the talk that matters&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/director\/2015\/training-for-the-future.shtml\">Training for the Future<\/a><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">NIMH: Director&rsquo;s Blog<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"middle\">by Tom Insel<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"small         \">May 15, 2015<\/div>\n<p>                                 <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">&#8230;It&rsquo;s true  that <em><strong><font color=\"#800000\">most of the neuroscience and genomics findings  are not yet  actionable for psychiatry<\/font><\/strong><\/em>. No one doubts that the brain is  the organ of  affect and behavior, but no one can point to a biomarker  that is  essential for clinical practice. In the short-run, we may do  much more  to bend the curve on suicide mortality by changing public  policy [such  as through restricting access to means] rather than <em><strong><font color=\"#800000\">finding  a biomarker  for suicidality<\/font><\/strong><\/em>. But in the long-run, and we need a  long-run strategy,  policy will hit a wall and we will need better  diagnostics and  therapeutics. That is where this new initiative can make  a difference.  The research of 2015 suggests that the clinician of 2025  and certainly  the clinician of 2035 will need to know about cortical  dynamics, neural  networks, and genomic variation. Those entering the  field today will  need to know how to think about the brain and how to  critique brain  science. <em><strong><font color=\"#800000\">By changing the training of the next generation,  we not only  prepare for the future, we create it.<\/font><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<table width=\"85%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"o\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"big\"><strong><font color=\"#000001\">Genomic Biomarker for Suicidality Found!<\/font><\/strong>                    <\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>           <\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" class=\"small\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" vspace=\"5\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/suicide-1.gif\" \/><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\"><strong><font color=\"#000001\">Independent Georgia researcher, 1boringoldman, working closely with the CDC<sub>website<\/sub> discovers clear evidence of&#8230;<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup>[No, I haven&#8217;t gotten any calls from the <font color=\"#000001\">Karolinska Institutet<\/font> in Stockholm yet, but hope springs eternal. Should I perhaps add waiting room screening for the Y Chromosome?].<\/sup><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">As an Internist, I never heard the term &quot;biomarkers&quot; or any of its synonyms. And yet they were part of everyday medical life. They were the tests we ordered to make or confirm diagnoses; the parameters we followed to monitor treatment; and the screening tests we collected to detect risk or early signs of disease. In Psychiatry, there weren&#8217;t any. Biomarkers were the thing that we didn&#8217;t have. Actually, by the time I showed up, we did have a couple in <font color=\"#200020\">Melancholic Depression<\/font>, Dr. Carroll&#8217;s <font color=\"#200020\">Dexamethasone Suppression Test<\/font> and Dr. Kupfer&#8217;s <font color=\"#200020\">REM Sleep Latency<\/font> studies. As is often also the case in physical medicine, neither was pathognomonic. But they stacked up well against many of our medical colleagues&#8217; biological tests &#8211; particularly in combination. Then, in the most peculiar of moves, we discarded the diagnosis they <em><font color=\"#200020\">marked<\/font><\/em> [<font color=\"#200020\">Melancholic Depression<\/font>], and that was that for our brief biomarker years [until, of course, my recent breakthrough above!]. So we rely on the more subjective rating scales like the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamilton_Rating_Scale_for_Depression\" target=\"_blank\">HAM-D<\/a> or the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=1&#038;cad=rja&#038;uact=8&#038;ved=0CB8QFjAA&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPositive_and_Negative_Syndrome_Scale&#038;ei=TKxrVafdOMPBsAWByYAw&#038;usg=AFQjCNHZjO0dUgYDv42xuHvHHMhwbmxH4w&#038;sig2=3ylZ1n5q6RWo_SW71wUUqA&#038;bvm=bv.94455598,d.b2w\" target=\"_blank\">PANSS<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">Psychiatry&#8217;s greatest internal critic, <font color=\"#200020\">Thomas Szasz<\/font>, actually fueled the modern psychiatric obsession with biomarkers. Szasz argued that Mental Illness was a false construct &#8211; a Myth.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">&quot;To be a true disease, the  entity must first, somehow be capable of being approached, measured, or  tested in scientific fashion. Second, to be confirmed as a disease, a  condition must demonstrate pathology at the cellular or molecular level.&quot;<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">In spite of the fact that even the diseases in medicine long antedated the biomarkers that they became associated with, the body psychiatric seemed to accept Szasz&#8217;s argument as a gold standard. The neoKraepelinians made one of their tenets negating Szasz, but then in another set about the business of searching for biomarkers Szasz&#8217;s definition required:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">5. There are discrete mental illnesses. They are not myths, and there are many of them.<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">6. The focus of psychiatric physicians should be on the biological aspects of illness.<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">And Robert Spitzer&#8217;s claim of the DSM-III being &quot;Atheoretical&quot; &#8230;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">Undoubtedly, with time, some of the   disorders of   unknown   etiology will be found to have specific  biological   etiologies,  others   to have specific psychological causes,  and still   others to  result   mainly from a particular interplay of   psychological,  social, and    biological factors&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">&#8230; was soon forgotten in the biomedical transformation of psychiatry that followed him. So we now have the paradox of certain modern biopsychiatrists who speak of Mental Illness broadly as Brain Disease [as in biological] insisting on validation by biomarkers [as Szasz &#8211; and now Insel et al] but there aren&#8217;t any. For them, the search for biomarkers becomes, first and foremost, a quest for legitimacy. To add to the parodox, they also assume something like the universality of biomarkers [as in Tom Insel&#8217;s fantasy of a <font color=\"#200020\"><em>biomarker  for suicidality<\/em><\/font> or Nemeroff&#8217;s even more fanciful <em><font color=\"#200020\">biomarker for PTSD<\/font><\/em>]. And then there&#8217;s Insel&#8217;s newest scheme [RDoC], as in <em><font color=\"#200020\">bring the diagnoses to the biomarker<\/font><\/em>, rather than the other way around.<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">Okay. You win. I don&#8217;t think my Suicide Biomarker is a breakthrough. And I don&#8217;t think Thomas Szasz was a very nice man [he thought a lot of the patients were Malingerers who didn&#8217;t want to take responsibility for their lives]. I don&#8217;t think Insel is a clinician. And I kind of think the NNCI is forced at best. I watched one of their videos about talking to the patient using neuroscience talk. An obviously competent resident was illustrating talking to a anxious young woman who had a Heroin Relapse when her boyfriend broke up with her. He started with a [downloadable] brain picture and explained about the brain parts involved in &quot;<font color=\"#200020\">a circuit<\/font>&quot; [the Ventral Tegmental Area, the Nucleus Accumbens, the Orbital Frontal Cortex, the Prefrontal Cortex, the Amygdala, and the Hippocampus which he referred to as V+N, O, P, A, and H respectively] explaining each one&#8217;s part in the relapse and where and how different modalities of treatment worked, making an analogy to a car [the typing part is mine]. She got to take the completed diagram home as a reminder [click image to enlarge].<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/nnci-1.gif\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"[clink to expand]\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/images\/nnci-1.gif\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">I liked the resident, and thought he did a reasonably credible job in his presentation. But I hardly think it prepared residents for the coming decades, and it came too close to the dumbed-down-ness of those &quot;chemical imbalance&quot; explanations of yore. This was part of the accompanying case presentation:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\"> Today, she presents to your outpatient clinic feeling anxious and  demanding that you prescribe alprazolam to her because she has heard  that it helps with feeling nervous. A urine drug screen is performed in  the clinic and returns positive for heroin. The resident confronts her  with the results, and she breaks down crying about how she recently  broke up with her boyfriend, <em><strong><font color=\"#990000\">happened to drive by her former drug  dealer&rsquo;s home and relapsed<\/font><\/strong><\/em>. She expresses to the resident how guilty she  feels about using again after working so hard to stay clean for 5  years.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\"><strong><font color=\"#660033\">You can watch the video<\/font><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QqnpkyCitx0\"><font color=\"#660033\">here<\/font><\/a>. He made the point that explaining things this way helped him to not shame the patient [a good point]. But I sure wish he&#8217;d mentioned the part in red and commented on it. If she actually makes it to that NA meeting, they&#8217;ll do that for sure with laughter and rolling eyes. I know that because I played this video for an addict in long term recovery whose reaction was pretty negative [&quot;<em><font color=\"#200020\">No addict is going to listen to all of that!<\/font><\/em>&quot;]. But I&#8217;m not here to judge.<\/div>\n<p>       <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">&quot;<em><font color=\"#200020\">If you&#8217;re not here to judge, 1boringoldman, why are you here?<\/font><\/em>&quot; said the voice from the corner of the room. It&#8217;s because I&#8217;m an old training director, and while I agree that we learn from watching others, we also learn by watching ourselves. I wanted to ask Chris [the resident in the video] what he thought. Do we know enough to really say those things about the brain? Did the brain &quot;prop&quot; help? Will this young lady feel talked down to? Will she feel heard? Does this much <em><strong><font color=\"#660033\">bio<\/font><\/strong><\/em> take us away from the <em><strong><font color=\"#660033\">psycho&middot;social<\/font><\/strong><\/em>? An alternative&#8230;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\"><em><font color=\"#200020\">&quot;One thing any addict whose gotten clean knows is that the Heroin solution to pain is seared deep into the brain for all times. It&#8217;s like a reflex, whether it has been 5 days or 5 years. The only tools you&#8217;ve got in the face of that reflex is what you&#8217;ve learned in your mind and what others can do to help you. So when you heard yourself saying that you &quot;happened to drive by [your] former drug  dealer&rsquo;s home,&quot; you were already in deep do-do. Did you really believe that? You needed to be driving by your nearest NA meeting, or a Sponsor&#8217;s house, or here. Did that occur to you? I have a feeling that with 5 years clean, you know all of that. Here&#8217;s what we can do about the relapse, &laquo;blah, blah, blah&raquo;. But maybe right now, the thing we really ought to talk about is the breakup with this boyfriend. You&#8217;ve been in a whole lot of hurt, and it obviously threw you for quite a loop. So you just said the hell with it and did something really pretty self-destructive. Tell me about all of that&#8230;&quot;<\/font><\/em><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\" class=\"small\">I&#8217;m well aware that Chris is making a training video to show how one might use neuroscience metaphors in explaining things to a patient, and that his natural behavior in real life might have been quite different. But my point remains. The NNCI proposes to &quot;<em><font color=\"#200020\">help residents incorporate relevant  neuroscience into their own&nbsp;emerging clinical &#8216;voice&#8217;.<\/font><\/em>&quot; That&#8217;s okay with me, <em><font color=\"#200020\">when appropriate<\/font><\/em>. This young woman isn&#8217;t in need of knowing how her brain works, or how treatment for her Heroin relapse works. She&#8217;s needs someone who addresses her obviously painful life crisis and who finds out if her relapse was a suicidal equivalent. And I expect that I might have that same objection to many such clinical vignettes, that the <em><font color=\"#200020\">brain talk<\/font><\/em> might well get in the way of the <em><font color=\"#200020\">talk that matters<\/font><\/em>.   <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Training for the Future NIMH: Director&rsquo;s Blog by Tom Insel May 15, 2015 &#8230;It&rsquo;s true that most of the neuroscience and genomics findings are not yet actionable for psychiatry. No one doubts that the brain is the organ of affect and behavior, but no one can point to a biomarker that is essential for clinical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57403"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57501,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57403\/revisions\/57501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}