{"id":8691,"date":"2011-05-12T20:12:34","date_gmt":"2011-05-13T00:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/?p=8691"},"modified":"2011-05-13T06:20:48","modified_gmt":"2011-05-13T10:20:48","slug":"depression-1980-dsm-iii-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/2011\/05\/12\/depression-1980-dsm-iii-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Depression [1980]: DSM III 3&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p align=\"justify\">I ordered a DSM III online a month or so ago  [I couldn&#8217;t locate an online version]. Since I got it, I&#8217;ve periodically looked through it and my reaction is always the same. I start moving back and forth through the pages, thumbing for an anchor to what I&#8217;m reading, confused [actually a bit anxious]. The part about depression is limited to one chapter, some 19 pages long &#8211; <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Affective Disorders*<\/font><\/strong>. I&#8217;m amazed that after thirty years, my reaction is the same as it was the first day I read through it &#8211; something like bewildered. I&#8217;m going back through the evolution of these criteria in depression to try to understand how we ended up with the category <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Major Depressive Disorder<\/font><\/strong> because it&#8217;s such a heterogeneous group &#8211; and the whole point of nosology is to refine diagnoses in the service of understanding disease and arriving at effective treatment strategies. I&#8217;ve been convinced that we&#8217;ll never do that with such an all-inclusive category. My recent reviews of the research and clinical trials of treatments has only strengthened that belief. But now that I&#8217;ve gotten to the DSM III, I find myself drawn back to that confusing time in my own life when it came out, and my reaction to it.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">I couldn&#8217;t find it on the Internet, so I&#8217;m transcribing the actual criteria myself from the book [a non-touch typist like me does that slowly]. I know that this stuff is boring, but it&#8217;s what I&#8217;ve got to do. I&#8217;m going to put the main outline in this post, but relegate the specific criteria to a pop-up page [referenced in <strong><font color=\"#990000\">red<\/font><\/strong>]. I&#8217;d actually encourage you to look back at the specifics, because they so radically changed the direction of psychiatry in ways that weren&#8217;t yet apparent at the time. Here&#8217;s the broad outline if the DSM III classification of Affective Disorders which started with these words:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><em>The essential feature of this group of disorders is a disturbance of mood, accompanied by a full or partial manic or depressive syndrome, that is not due to any other physical or mental disorder. Mood refers to a prolonged emotion that colors the whole psychic life; it generally involves either depression or elation. The manic and depressive syndromes each consist of characteristic symptoms that occur together. In other classifications these disorders are grouped in various categories, including Affective, Personality, and Neurotic Disorders.<\/em><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><em><strong>Subclassification of Affective Disorders<\/strong>. The classification of Affective Disorders in DSM-III differs from many other classifications based on such dichotomous distinctions as neurotic vs. psychotic or endogenous vs. reactive. In this manual the class Affective Disorders is divided into Major Affective Disorders, in which there is a full affective syndrome; Other Specific Affective Disorders, in which there is only a partial affective syndrome of at least two years duration; and finally, Atypical Affective Disorders, a category for those affective disorders that cannot be classified in either of the two specific subclasses&#8230;<\/em><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" width=\"95%\">\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR MAJOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS <\/font><\/strong>                 <\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">BIPOLAR DISORDER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.6x Bipolar Disorder, Mixed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">A. Current or most recent] episode involves the full symptomatic picture of both <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic<\/font><\/strong><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episodes<\/font><\/strong><\/a> intermixed or alternating every few days.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">B. Depressive symptoms are prominant and last at least a full day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.4x Bipolar Disorder, Manic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">Current [or most recently] in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a>. [If there has been a previous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a>, the current episode need not meet the full criteria for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.5x Bipolar Disorder, Depressed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">A. Has had one or more <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><strong><font color=\"#990000\" \/><\/strong><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\"><\/font><font color=\"#990000\">s<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">B. Currently [or most recently] in a <strong><font><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/font><\/strong><font>. [If there has been a previous<\/font><strong><font> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/font><\/strong><font>, the current episode of depression need not meet the full criteria<\/font><strong><font> <\/font><\/strong><font>for a<\/font><strong><font> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/font><\/strong><font>.]<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">MAJOR DEPRESSION<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.2x Major Depression, Single Episode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.3x Major Depression, Recurrent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">A. One or more <strong><font><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/font><\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"justify\">B. Has never had a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a> or hypomanic episode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>                        <\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" width=\"95%\">\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR OTHER SPECIFIC AFFECTIVE DISORDERS<\/font><\/strong>         <\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">301.13 <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#cyclothymia\" target=\"_self\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">Cyclothymic Disorder<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">300.40 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#dysthymia\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">Dysthymic Disorder<\/font><\/strong><\/a> [Depressive Neurosis]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr \/><\/table>\n<p>                       <\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" width=\"95%\">\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ATYPICAL AFFECTIVE DISORDERS<\/font><\/strong>         <\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.70 <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#atypicalbipolar\" target=\"_self\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">Atypical Bipolar Disorder<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">296.82 <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#atypicaldepression\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">Atypical Depression<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p> <\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" width=\"95%\">\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\"><strong><font color=\"#200020\">OTHER DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DEPRESSION<\/font><\/strong>         <\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">309.00 <a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#adjust\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">Adjustment Disorder<\/font><\/strong><\/a> with Depressed Mood<a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#adjust\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\"><br \/><\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">V62.82 Uncomplicated Bereavement<a href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#atypicaldepression\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\"><br \/><\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>        <\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">Gone are <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Involutional Melancholia<\/font><\/strong>, <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Psychotic Depressive Reaction<\/font><\/strong>, <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Depressive Neurosis<\/font><\/strong> [for all intents and purposes]. Gone is any connection with life events or personality structure. In essence, there are two syndromes of symptoms &#8211;&nbsp; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#mania\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">manic episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a> and <strong><font><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/dsm-iii-affective-disorders#depression\"><strong><font color=\"#990000\">major depressive episode<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/font><\/strong>. The diagnosis hinges on:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Which one do you have right now<\/li>\n<li>Do you have the full deal or a lite version<\/li>\n<li>What did you have before<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\">Are we to think of this as one great big disease? a bunch of separate diseases? do we think they [it] are biologic? psychologic? Is the effort to separate them because they have different treatments? Why are they separated this way in the first place? why is a person who has had only manic episodes <u>Bi<\/u>polar? I didn&#8217;t get it in 1980 and I don&#8217;t get it now. And I don&#8217;t get how it&#8217;s either more medical or more scientific than what we had before. Other than removing any vestiges of the relationship of depression to mental life or life itself, it seems mighty arbitrary to me.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">The part that I least understood at the time was mentioned in the last post &#8211; the syndrome we were calling &quot;endogenous depression.&quot; It was a classic, and the DSM-III even acknowledges it as such as <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Melancholia<\/font><\/strong> with its classic symptoms:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>C. At least three of the following:<\/strong><\/sup>   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[a]  distinct quality of depressed mood, i.e. the depressed mood is  perceived as distinctly different from the kind of feeling experience  following the death of a loved one<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[b] the depression is regularly worse in the morning<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[c] early morning awakening [at least two hours before usual time of awakening]<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[d] marked psychomotor retardation or agitation<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[e] significant anorexia or weight loss<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><sup>[f] excessive or inappropriate guilt<\/sup><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">In a footnote, they say of <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Melancholia<\/font><\/strong>: <\/div>\n<ul>\n<div align=\"justify\"><sup><strong>A term from the past, in this manual used to  indicate a typically severe form of depression that is particularly  responsive to somatic therapy. The clinical features that characterize  this syndrome have been referred to as &quot;endogenous.&quot; Since the term  &quot;endogenous&quot; implies, to many, the absence of precipitating stress, a  characteristic not always associated with this syndrome, the term  &quot;endogenous&quot; in not used in DSM-III.<\/strong><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"justify\">So it&#8217;s a distinct syndrome that responds to a particular treatment modality, yet it doesn&#8217;t deserve a category of its own, but is relegated to a fifth digit add-on? Because it might imply no precipitating stress to some? What could be more Kraepelin-like, more medical than <strong><font color=\"#200020\">Melancholia<\/font><\/strong>? But I&#8217;m going to stop for a bit and let it settle in [again] before commenting further&#8230; <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I ordered a DSM III online a month or so ago [I couldn&#8217;t locate an online version]. Since I got it, I&#8217;ve periodically looked through it and my reaction is always the same. I start moving back and forth through the pages, thumbing for an anchor to what I&#8217;m reading, confused [actually a bit anxious]. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8691"}],"version-history":[{"count":80,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8848,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8691\/revisions\/8848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1boringoldman.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}